Diet Quality Outcomes of a Cooperative Extension Diabetes Prevention Program.

OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) in improving diet quality (DQ) in community settings is largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the DQ changes of Extension DPP participants. METHODS: A single-group, repeated-measures design was used to evaluate an Extension-implemented DPP using the PreventT2 curriculum. Participants were overweight adults with or at high risk for prediabetes (n = 88). Weight and DQ (Healthy Eating Index-2015, Dietary Screener Questionnaire) were evaluated using mixed-effects regression. RESULTS: There was no change in the Healthy Eating Index-2015 total score. Predicted fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake increased (P < 0.05) but remained below recommendations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Clinically meaningful DQ changes of Extension DPP participants were limited. The effect of the DPP on DQ in Extension and other implementation settings should be evaluated through randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Prevention Program curriculum revisions that include more specific dietary goals and educational tools may promote greater DQ changes in DPP participants.

Depressive symptoms, but not moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, impacts sexual well-being and menopause-specific quality of life in middle-aged women.

Inadequate physical activity (PA), unhealthy weight status, prevalence of chronic conditions, and psychosocial distress are common in middle-aged women and are linked to reductions in well-being and quality of life. However, their potential interactive effects, specifically on sexual well-being and menopause-specific quality of life (MENQOL), have not been well characterized in postmenopausal women. PURPOSE: To determine if moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and adiposity (%Fat) influence sexual well-being and MENQOL outcomes, controlling for health status (chronic conditions; medications) and psychosocial well-being (depressive symptoms; perceived stress), in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women (n = 68, 58.6 ± 3.4 yr, 80.9 percent married/partnered, 51.5 percent overweight/obese, nonsmoking) were recruited through e-mail advertisements and flyers placed throughout the community. Participants were scheduled for two laboratory visits 7-10 days apart where they were objectively assessed for MVPA with accelerometers (in the interim), adiposity via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and self-report questionnaires to determine health status, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, sexual well-being, and MENQOL. Lower MVPA and higher %Fat were associated with lower physical domain MENQOL (both r = .27, p < .05); health status and psychosocial well-being were not associated (all p > .05). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed 1) greater number of chronic conditions and medications, and depressive symptoms scores predicted less favorable sexual well-being, independent of MVPA and %Fat (standardized ß range =.22-.56, all p < .05), 2) depression was most consistently associated with MENQOL (models p ≤ .001), and 3) greater adiposity augmented the negative influence of depression on the physical domain of MENQOL (ß = .40. p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: PA may influence sexual well-being and MENQOL indirectly through positive impacts on adiposity, chronic conditions, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged postmenopausal women, a sector of the population often afflicted with compromised sexual well-being.

Implementation of the Diabetes Prevention Program in Georgia Cooperative Extension According to RE-AIM and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Increased dissemination of the CDC's Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is imperative to reduce type 2 diabetes. Due to its nationwide reach and mission to improve health, Cooperative Extension (Extension) is poised to be a sustainable DPP delivery system. However, research evaluating DPP implementation in Extension remains scant. Extension professionals delivered the DPP in a single-arm hybrid type II effectiveness-implementation study. Semi-structured interviews with Extension professionals were conducted at three time points. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided interview coding and analysis. Constructs were rated for magnitude and valence and evaluated as facilitators or barriers of RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) outcomes. The program reached 119 participants, was adopted by 92% (n = 12/13) of trained Extension professionals and was implemented according to CDC standards: all programs exceeded the minimum 22-session requirement (26 ± 2 sessions). The program was effective in achieving weight loss (5.0 ± 5.2%) and physical activity (179 ± 122 min/week) goals. At post-intervention, eight professionals (67%) had begun or planned to maintain the intervention within the next 6 months. Several facilitators were identified, including Extension leadership structure, organizational compatibility, and technical assistance calls. Limited time to recruit participants was the primary barrier. Positive RE-AIM outcomes, facilitated by contextual factors, indicate Extension is an effective and sustainable DPP delivery system. Extension and other DPP implementers should plan strategies that promote communication, the program's evidence-base, recruitment time, and resource access. Researchers should explore DPP implementation in real-world settings to determine overall and setting-specific best practices, promote intervention uptake, and reduce diabetes.

Physical activity and perceived benefits, but not barriers, to exercise differ by sex and school year among college students.

Objective: To assess whether sex or school year influence physical activity and exercise (PA/EX) behaviors and perceived benefits and barriers of PA/EX among college students. Participants: Participants were 862 (78% female; 20.1 ± 1.4 years) college students. Methods: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale, and resistance training (RT) questions were completed online. Results: Factorial ANOVA (sex x year) determined no significant interaction effects of sex and school year in behaviors or perceived benefits and barriers (all p > .05). Males reported higher levels of PA/EX and RT than females (p < .05) with no differences by school year (p = .34). Benefits Scale scores and some of its subscales were higher for males and first-year students compared to females and third- and fourth-year students (all p < .05). Conclusion: PA/EX promotion programs may need to be tailored differently based on sex and school year.

Differences in physical activity and perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity between LGBTQ + and non-LGBTQ + college students.

ObjectiveTo compare physical activity (PA) behaviors and perceived benefits and barriers among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) and non-LGBTQ + college students. Participants: Participants were 406 college students. Methods: Surveys assessed PA behaviors and perceptions of PA among college students. Multivariate ANOVA assessed differences in PA behaviors and perceptions of PA. Results: LGBTQ + students (n = 71) engaged in 17% less aerobic PA and 42% less resistance training than their counterparts (n = 335; both p < .05). LGBTQ + students reported 6.5% lower total Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale scores and 13.3% higher Barriers Scale scores (both p < .05). Conclusions: LGBTQ + college students are at higher risk of not meeting PA guidelines than non-LGBTQ + students. More perceived barriers and fewer perceived benefits to PA may contribute to this disparity. Identification of LGBTQ+-specific barriers to PA among college students is needed to inform programming to increase PA among this at-risk community.

Efecto agudo de las bebidas energéticas en el rendimiento anaeróbico: un metaanálisis / Acute effect of energy drinks on anaerobic performance: A meta-analysis

Resumen El consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) ha ido incrementando tanto en estudiantes y personas activas como en deportistas, esto por posible efecto ergogénico. Dichas bebidas contienen, además de calorías, cafeína en combinación con otros ingredientes como taurina, carnitina y vitaminas del complejo B. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto agudo de la ingesta de BE en el rendimiento físico anaeróbico, por medio de la técnica de metaanálisis. La metodología consistió en realizar una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest y Science Direct. Se seleccionaron los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad: experimentales, en los que se midiera el rendimiento anaeróbico y donde se suministrara una BE, realizados en seres humanos, que presentaran la estadística descriptiva y estuviesen publicados en idioma español o inglés. Como resultados se incluyeron 15 estudios que generaron 37 tamaños de efecto (TE) y un total de 253 sujetos (hombres y mujeres; 21,73,7 años). Bajo el modelo de efectos aleatorios y un diseño entre grupos se obtuvo un TE global de 0.123 (p = 0.009; IC95% = 0.01 a 0.23; Q = 19.5; p= 0.98; I2 = 0.00%). No se encontró ninguna relación o diferencia en las variables moderadoras. En conclusión, el TE global indica que hay diferencia significativa entre consumir BE o placebo para pruebas anaeróbicas específicas de saltos.

Abstract The consumption of energy drinks (ED) has been increasing in students, active individuals, and athletes due to their probable ergogenic effect. In addition to calories, energy drinks contain caffeine and other ingredients such as taurine, carnitine, and B-complex vitamins. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ED consumption on anaerobic performance using a meta-analytic approach. A literature search was conducted on five electronic database searchers: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest, and Science Direct. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected, i.e: experimental studies that assessed anaerobic performance using EDs as a treatment in humans, reporting descriptive statistics, and published in English or Spanish. 15 studies representing 37 effect sizes (ES) with a total of 253 participants (male and female: 21.73.7 years old) met the inclusion criteria. Using a random-effects model and a between-group design, an overall 0.123 ES was found (p = 0.009; CI95% = 0.01 to 0.23; Q = 19.5; p= 0.98; I2 = 0.00%). No relationship or difference was found in the moderator variables. In general, the overall ES indicated that there is a significant difference between consuming ED or a placebo for specific anaerobic jump tests.

Resumo O consumo de bebidas energéticas (BE) tem aumentado tanto em estudantes e pessoas ativas quanto em esportistas, devido a possíveis efeito ergogênico. Essas bebidas contêm, além de calorias, cafeína e outros ingredientes como taurina, carnitina e vitaminas do complexo B. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito agudo da ingestão de BE no rendimento físico anaeróbico, por meio da técnica de meta-análises. A metodologia consistiu em realizar uma busca em cinco bases de dados: PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Springer Link, ProQuest e Science Direct. Foram selecionados os estudos que cumpriram os critérios de elegibilidade, ou seja, experimentais, nos que fosse medido o rendimento anaeróbico e onde fosse administrada uma BE, realizados em seres humanos, que apresentassem a estadística descritiva e estivessem publicados em espanhol ou inglês. Como resultados foram incluídos 15 estudos que geraram 37 tamanhos do efeito (TE) e um total de 253 sujeitos (homens e mulheres; 21,73,7 anos). Sob o modelo de efeitos aleatórios e um desenho entre grupos obteve-se um TE global de 0,123 (p = 0,009; IC95% = 0,01 a 0,23; Q = 19,5; p= 0,98; I2 = 0,00%). Não foi encontrada nenhuma relação ou diferença nas variáveis moderadoras. Em conclusão, o TE global indica que existe diferença significativa entre consumir BE ou placebo para provas anaeróbicas específicas de saltos.

Relación entre el grado de actividad física y la satisfacción sexual y corporal en estudiantes universitarios costarricenses / Relationship between physical activity level and body and sexual satisfaction in Costa Rican college students / Relação entre o grau de atividade física e a satisfação sexual e corporal dos estudantes universitários de Costa Rica

El propósito del estudio fue describir la relación entre la satisfacción con la imagen corporal, la satisfacción sexual y el nivel de actividades físicas en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios costarricenses de ambos sexos, solteros y heterosexuales. En el estudio participaron 179 estudiantes (39 mujeres sedentarias, 40 hombres sedentarios, 34 mujeres físicamente activas y 66 hombres físicamente activos); con una edad promedio de 20.4 ± 3 años. Todos los participantes completaron el IPAQ-7, el Índice de Satisfacción Sexual y la versión en español del Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Se realizaron análisis de varianza 2 x 2 de grupos independientes (Sexo x Nivel de Actividad Física). Se encontró que no existe relación entre el nivel de actividades físicas, la imagen corporal y la satisfacción sexual en hombres y mujeres universitarios (AU)

The purpose of the study was to describe the relationship between body image satisfaction (BS), sexual satisfaction (SS) and physical activity level (PAL) in a sample of male and female, single and heterosexual Costa Rican students. In the study participated 179 students (39 sedentary females, 40 sedentary males, 34 physically active females and 66 physically active males) with a mean age of 20.4 ± 3 yrs. Participants completed the IPAQ-7, the Sexual Satisfaction Index (SSI) and the Spanish version of the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Two-way 2 x 2 independent groups (Gender x PAL) analysis of variance were computed. Results indicated no significant correlations between PAL, BS and the SS in college males and females (AU)

O propósito desse estudo foi de descrever a relação entre a satisfação com a imagem corporal, a satisfação sexual e o nível de atividades físicas em uma amostra de estudantes universitários de costa rica de ambos os sexos, solteiros e heterossexuais. Participaram no estudo 179 estudantes (39 mulheres sedentárias, 40 homens sedentários 34 mulheres fisicamente ativas e 66 homens fisicamente ativos); com uma idade media de 20.4 ± 3 anos. Todos os participantes completaram o IPAQ-7, índice de Satisfação Sexual e aversão em espanhol do Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Foram realizadas as analises de variação 2x2 de grupos independentes (Sexo x Nível de Atividade Física). Foi encontrado que não existe relaçao entre nível de atividade física, a imagem corporal e satisfação sexual em homens e mulheres universitários (AU)